منابع مشابه
The overall efficiency and projection point in network DEA
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the best methods for measuring the efficiency and productivity of Decision Making Units (DMU). Evaluating the efficiency of DMUs which have two or several stages by using the conventional DEA models, is equal to consider them as black box. This method, omits the effect of intermediate measure on efficiency. Therefore, just the first network inputs and t...
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Point projection microscopy (PPM) is used to image suspended graphene by using low-energy electrons (100–205 eV). Because of the low energies used, the graphene is neither damaged nor contaminated by the electron beam for doses of the order of 107 electrons per nm2. The transparency of graphene is measured to be 74%, equivalent to electron transmission through a sheet twice as thick as the cova...
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Femtosecond electron microscopy produces real-space images of matter in a series of ultrafast snapshots. Pulses of electrons self-disperse under space-charge broadening, so without compression, the ideal operation mode is a single electron per pulse. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond single-electron point projection microscopy (fs-ePPM) in a laser-pump fs-e-probe configuration. The electrons hav...
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By utilizing a nanometer ultrafast electron source in a point projection microscope we demonstrate that images of nanoparticles with spatial resolutions of the order of 100 nanometers can be obtained. The duration of the emission process of the photoemitted electrons used to make images is shown to be of the order of 100 fs using an autocorrelation technique. The compact geometry of this photoe...
متن کاملQuantum point contact microscopy.
We introduce quantum point contact microscopy (QPCM) as a novel method for surface characterization, where the conductance through a quantum point contact formed by a metal atom between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and the surface is mapped across the surface. Application of QPCM to copper and gold (111) shows reproducibly atomic resolution, on gold (111) the alternating atomic st...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Microscopy and Microanalysis
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1431-9276,1435-8115
DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012144